Most people have experienced ‘heartburn’ or acid reflux at some time – usually after a rich meal or heavy drinking. Symptoms mainly include a burning feeling behind the breastbone. In instances of repeated reflux, esophagitis (Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease) may occur. This is inflammation of the lining of the esophagus, and is experienced as a repeated painful, burning feeling in the upper abdomen or chest. The acid may even reach the throat and mouth, producing a sour taste and burning sensation.

What causes acid reflux?

The esophagus is a muscular tube that transports food to the stomach. Acid reflux occurs when the acidic contents of the stomach flow back into the esophagus. It is usually prevented by a muscular ring, known as the lower esophageal sphincter, and occurs when this becomes relaxed. Acid reflux actually has nothing to do with the heart and should not be confused with Angina, which is a cardiac problem needing medical attention.

Apart from eating heavy meals, activities that can cause Acid reflux include bending and lifting. Acid reflux may also be caused by pregnancy or hiatal hernia.

Treatments for acid reflux

Perhaps the most common treatments for acid reflux that occurs on an occasional basis are over-the-counter antacids. A natural alternative to these are herbal remedies for acid reflux, of which the most common are chamomile, peppermint, and ginger. All of these herbs are known to relieve indigestion and soothe irritation in the intestines. If these don’t work then antihistamines might be appropriate. Cimetidine tablets are one type of anti-histamine. Histamine receptors are present in stomach lining cells, and when it binds to these receptors, the cells in the stomach lining produce acid to aid digestion. Cimetidine binds to these receptors instead, thus reducing acid formation. These drugs are to be used cautiously as they may hide symptoms of stomach cancer – and should not be used in cases of poor kidney function. If histamine receptor-blockers don’t work, proton pump inhibitors might be appropriate. In a few cases keyhole surgery may be necessary, to strengthen the esophageal sphincter.

Dietary and Lifestyle Factors

First, try to avoid smoking and alcohol, as well as coffee and spicy food.

If overweight, follow a healthy low-fat, high complex carbohydrate regime and be sure to exercise, since weight loss may help. Adding fiber to your diet can help alleviate or avoid constipation, as straining from constipation weakens the hiatus (the opening between diaphragm and esophagus). Avoiding bedtime eating (any time after 7pm) is often recommended. Try raising pillows for sleeping or use a specialist acid reflux inhibitor pillow. Also meditation can help ease stress, which may be a contributing factor.